Exploring the Rich Church History of Belgium and Luxembourg
As Pope Francis gears up for his 46th Apostolic Journey to Belgium and Luxembourg, let’s delve into the fascinating history and evolution of the Church in this region.
By Lisa Zengarini
Christianity first found its foothold in what is now known as Luxembourg in the 4th century, brought over from the city of Trier in present-day Germany. The tireless efforts of Saint Willibrord, an Anglo-Saxon missionary known as the “Apostle of the Frisians,” played a pivotal role in spreading the faith from Echternach, the oldest city in Luxembourg. Influential religious orders like the Benedictines, Franciscans, and Dominicans further shaped the religious and cultural fabric of this region.
A Tradition Rooted in Faith
During the Middle Ages, the people of Luxembourg developed a deep devotion to Mary, particularly through the cult of Our Lady “Comforter of the Afflicted” (Consolatrix Afflictorum). This devotion was exemplified during the Great Plague of 1666 when believers prayed to a miraculous wooden statue of the Virgin in Luxemburg’s Limpertsberg district. This tradition continues today with the annual Octave Pilgrimage, locally known as “Oktav,” drawing thousands of faithful for a two-week celebration.
Throughout the centuries, Luxembourg’s ecclesiastical landscape evolved, moving from the jurisdiction of neighboring dioceses to becoming an independent religious entity. The Diocese of Luxembourg was formally established in 1870, reflecting the growing spiritual independence of the region.
Nurturing Relationships through Visits
The Holy See established diplomatic relations with Luxembourg in the late 19th century, fostering a strong bond between the Church and the Great Duchy. Notable visits by popes, such as Pope Saint John Paul II in 1985, have further solidified this relationship, underscoring the importance of Luxembourg in the Catholic Church’s global mission.
Embracing Change in a Diverse Society
While Catholicism remains a dominant force in Luxembourg, shifting societal trends have prompted the Church to adapt and engage with a changing population. The rise of religious diversity, including Orthodox Christians, Jews, Muslims, and other faiths, has created a rich tapestry of beliefs within the country. The Church’s response, including the convening of synods and promoting dialogue, reflects a commitment to inclusivity and engagement with modern challenges.
Modern Luxembourg upholds religious freedom and supports collaborative efforts between the state and the Church in various sectors, from education to social welfare. This partnership underscores the enduring impact of the Catholic Church in shaping the cultural and social landscape of Luxembourg.
As Pope Francis embarks on his journey to Belgium and Luxembourg, we reflect on the vibrant history and spiritual legacy that continue to shape the Church in this region.
