Welcome to a journey through the history of the Catholic Church in Singapore, as we anticipate Pope Francis’ upcoming visit to the country as part of his Apostolic Journey to Asia and Oceania.
By Lisa Zengarini
The roots of the Church in Singapore trace back to the arrival of missionaries in neighbouring Malaysia in the 16th century, following the Portuguese explorers. Saint Francis Xavier landed in Melaka in 1545, leading to the establishment of a suffragan diocese under the Archdiocese of Goa. However, Catholicism faced temporary suppression during the Dutch occupation of Malaysia.
Portuguese and French Influence
Catholicism was restored in Singapore after it was acquired by the British East India Company in 1819. A missionary discovered only 12 Catholics on the island in 1821, but by 1829, the number had grown to around 200, reaching 500 within a decade. Portuguese and French missionaries further bolstered the Church’s presence, establishing churches and schools.
Notable missionary Jean-Marie Beurel played a key role in strengthening the Catholic community by building the Cathedral of the Good Shepherd and schools run by religious orders.
Throughout its history, the Church in Singapore navigated through jurisdictional conflicts between the Holy See and Portugal. The Diocese of Melaka was eventually replaced by apostolic vicariates, and in 1888, Singapore came under the authority of the Bishop of Macau for nearly a century.
Challenges and Growth
The Catholic community in Singapore faced persecution during the Japanese occupation but experienced a revival in the post-war era, actively engaging in education, healthcare, and social welfare.
Archdiocese and Diplomatic Relations
Singapore became a separate Archdiocese in 1972 under the direct jurisdiction of the Holy See. The establishment of diplomatic relations with the Vatican in 1981 paved the way for Saint John Paul II’s visit in 1986.
A Model of Harmony
Singapore’s multi-ethnic and multi-religious society fosters religious diversity and harmony. As a secular state, Singapore guarantees religious freedom while prioritizing religious harmony to prevent any discord. The Catholic Church collaborates with the government and other faiths to promote understanding and social cohesion.
Thriving Catholic Community
With a vibrant community of 395,000 Catholics, the Church in Singapore remains dynamic and active. Despite modern challenges, a significant percentage of Singaporean Catholics actively participate in Mass, supported by a growing number of migrants who enrich the local Church. The Church’s presence in education and social services reflects its vitality and commitment to the local community.
