Discovering the Pantheon: 10 Fascinating Facts
The Pantheon, located at Piazza della Rotonda in Rome’s historic center, is a marvel of ancient architecture. Open Mon-Sat from 09.00-19.30 and Sun from 09.00-18.00, with last admissions 15 minutes before closing time. On midweek public holidays, the opening hours are 09.00-13.00. Please note that guided visits are not permitted during Masses, held on feast days at 10.30 and on Saturdays at 17.00.
1. Ancient Origins
Built between 119-128 AD by Emperor Hadrian, the Pantheon replaced two previous structures that had burnt down. The original building, dating back to 29-19 BC, was attributed to Roman architect Marcus Agrippa.
2. A Historic Inscription
The entrance of the Pantheon bears an inscription in Latin that honors Marcus Agrippa, despite Emperor Hadrian’s reconstruction. The inscription reads: “M.AGRIPPA.L.F.COS.TERTIUM.FECIT.”
3. Majestic Columns
Sixteen massive columns, transported from Egypt, support the Pantheon’s iconic arcade and the inscription dedicated to Agrippa.
4. The Meaning behind the Name
Despite its name suggesting a temple for all Roman gods, some scholars argue that its title reflects its grandeur rather than its purpose.
5. Transition to a Church
In 608 AD, the Pantheon was consecrated as a church by Pope Boniface IV in honor of St. Mary and the Martyrs, a status it retains to this day.
6. The Enigmatic Oculus
The Pantheon’s dome features a unique oculus, allowing sunlight to illuminate the entrance. Annually, thousands of rose petals are dropped through this opening as part of a traditional ceremony.
9. A Dome Like No Other
For over 1300 years, the Pantheon boasted the world’s largest dome until Florence’s cathedral broke the record in 1436. Despite this, the Pantheon still holds the distinction of being the world’s largest concrete dome suspended without reinforcement.
10. Unmatched Architectural Feat
Featuring a ceiling with a perfect height-to-diameter ratio, the Pantheon symbolizes harmony and mathematical precision. This extraordinary construction marvel continues to captivate visitors to this day.
By Paola Berner Magalhaes
